![]() ![]() They buried their dead under the floors of their houses. The inhabitants of Çatalhöyük appear to have valued art and spirituality. The houses were clustered so closely back-to-back that residents had to enter the homes through a hole in the roof. They estimate that as many as 8,000 people may have lived here at one time. Studying Çatalhöyük has given researchers a better understanding of the transition from a nomadic life of hunting and gathering to an agriculture lifestyle.Īrchaeologists have unearthed more than a dozen mud-brick dwellings at the 9,500 year-old Çatalhöyük. The archaeological site of Çatalhöyük in southern Turkey is one of the best-preserved Neolithic settlements. It may have taken humans hundreds or even thousands of years to transition fully from a lifestyle of subsisting on wild plants to keeping small gardens and later tending large crop fields. The Neolithic Era began when some groups of humans gave up the nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle completely to begin farming. Religious artifacts and artistic imagery-progenitors of human civilization-have been uncovered at the earliest Neolithic settlements. Other scientists suggest that intellectual advances in the human brain may have caused people to settle down. Pre-Neolithic people called Natufians started building permanent houses in the region. In the Fertile Crescent, bounded on the west by the Mediterranean Sea and on the east by the Persian Gulf, wild wheat and barley began to grow as it got warmer. Some scientists theorize that climate changes drove the Agricultural Revolution. The Earth entered a warming trend around 14,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age. The causes of the Neolithic Revolution may have varied from region to region. There was no single factor that led humans to begin farming roughly 12,000 years ago. Many facets of modern civilization can be traced to this moment in history when people started living together in communities. The advent of agriculture separated Neolithic people from their Paleolithic ancestors. Gordon Childe coined the term “Neolithic Revolution” in 1935 to describe the radical and important period of change in which humans began cultivating plants, breeding animals for food and forming permanent settlements. Neolithic humans used stone tools like their earlier Stone Age ancestors, who eked out a marginal existence in small bands of hunter-gatherers during the last Ice Age.Īustralian archaeologist V. The Neolithic Age is sometimes called the New Stone Age. ![]()
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